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La critique du témoignage et la synthèse
Matériel didactique : Craies de couleur
Objectif opérationnel : L’élève sera capable d’expliquer la critique du témoignage et la synthèse

Rappel

 

Citez les examens de la critique interne ?

Rappel

 

La critique d’interprétation et la critique d’autorité.

 

Motivation

 

Apart la critique interne, quelles sont les autres parties de la critique historique ?

Motivation

 

La critique du témoignage et la synthèse.

Annonce du sujet

 

Qu'allons-nous étudier aujourd’hui? 

Annonce du sujet

 

Aujourd’hui nous allons étudier la critique interne.

Analyse

 

De quoi s’occupe-t-elle ?

 

Comment se passe-t-elle ?

 

Analyse

 

A.1. la critique du témoignage : elle détermine si les faits rapportés sont historiquement certains, probables, simplement possibles ou même inadmissibles. Pour transformer ces probabilités en certitudes, il faut procéder à des confrontations des témoignages. Il faut vérifier si l’argument a priori ne joue pas contre le fait. Si ces derniers sont ou non contraires aux lois métaphysiques, physiques et morales.

 

  1. La confrontation des témoins : il faut que les témoins soient indépendants :
  • S'ils sont d’accord : c’est la certitude
  • S’ils sont en désaccord, on s’attache à celui qui mérite plus de confiance.
  • Si un des témoins ne parle pas d’un fait rapporté par les autres, c’est le silence.
  1. L’argument a priori : nier un fait parlé qui va à l’encontre des lois métaphysiques, physiques ou morales.
  • Lois métaphysiques : Il a la valeur
  • Loi physique : La valeur du témoin
  • Lois morales : la valeur est faible

C’est quoi une synthèse ?

C’est quoi une synthèse ?

A.2. La synthèse : c’est le regroupement des évènements dans un ensemble harmonieux où tout s’intègre, constitue le but final de notre enquête critique. Il doit les foudres en un récit cohérent et fidèle. Les étapes sont :

  • le classement des faits
  • Le comblement des lacunes
  • La construction d’ensembles
  • L’établissement des liens de causalité

 

 

Notre leçon avait deux points :

  • La critique du témoignage
  • La synthèse

 

 

 

 

La conclusion ou reconstitution

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