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Autres formes de raisonnement

Rappel

Comparez l’induction et la déduction

Motivation

Y’ a- t-il autres formes de raisonnement ?

Annonce du sujet

Qu'allons(nous étudier aujourd'hui? 

Rappel

En dehors de la déduction et de l’induction, la logique reconnait plusieurs autres manières de raisonner ou d’argumenter.

L’argument ad hominem : est un raisonnement où l’on se sert des expressions (argo) de l’autre pour le vaincre. Càd on prend les propres mots de l’interlocuteur comme argument (un faux raisonnement).

Motivation

Oui, il y a d’autres formes de raisonnement en dehors de ceux vus la fois passée.

Annonce du sujet

Aujourd'hui, nous allons étudier d'autres formes de raisonnement.

Analyse

Comparez l’induction et la déduction

Analyse

Autres formes de raisonnement 

En dehors de la déduction et de l’induction, la logique reconnait plusieurs autres manières de raisonner ou d’argumenter.

L’argument par l’absurde : est un raisonnement qui prouve la vérité d’une proposition par l’absurdité (fausseté) de la prep. Contradictoire. 

          Tous les oiseaux peuvent voler

Or les corbeaux ne peuvent pas voler

Donc ces corbeaux ne sont des oiseaux (ce qui est faux)

L’argument ad hominem : est un raisonnement où l’on se sert des expressions (argo) de l’autre pour le vaincre. Càd on prend les propres mots de l’interlocuteur comme argument (un faux raisonnement).

Ex : Un ami se plaint de n’avoir pas mangé l’autre lui rétorque : tu as toujours dit que l’homme ne meurt pas de faim, pourquoi alors te plaindre ?

  1. Le raisonnement par analogie ( ou par ressemblance)

Un raisonnement qui se fonde sur une ressemblance partielle pour conclure à une ressemblance totale. (souvent résultat du favisme)  méfiance, haine, hostilité) ; tombe souvent dans l’erreur.

Ex : Le paracétamol a guéri Dada de ses maux de tête, Charlie peut aussi être guéri par le paracétamol.

Qu'avons-nous vu aujourd'hui ? 

Aujourd'hui, nous avons vu d'autres formes de raisonnement.
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