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LA GAMETOGENESE.

Analyse 

Quel est le nombre des chromosomes dans les gamètes ?

Comment appelle-t-on les cellules souches qui produisent les gamètes.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Qu’est-ce qui se passe lors de la phase de la maturation ?

 

 

 

 

A quoi consiste la spermiogénèse ?

Analyse 

REPRODUCTION SEXUEE

LA GAMETOGENESE

La reproduction des gamètes est réalisée par les cellules germinales dont l’ensemble constitue ce qu’on appelle : « le germen ».

 NOMBRE CHROMOSOMIQUE DANS LES GAMETES 

Comme un gamète est destiné à fusionner avec un autre gamète de sexe opposé, il est donc haploïde c’est-à-dire, avec un seul chromosome. Les gamètes subissent une réduction chromatique lors de la méiose.

Chez les animaux, la gamétogénèse chez le mâle est appelée : spermatogénèse alors que chez la femelle, on parle de l’ovogénèse.

  1. LA SPERMATOGENESE OU EVOLUTION SPERMATOGENETIQUE

Les cellules souches se troussant dans les testicules et qui produisent les gamètes mâles sont appelées : spermatogonies

PHASES DE LA SPERMATOGENESE

La spermatogénèse se déroule en quatre phases :

  • Phase de multiplication des spermatogonies. Ces cellules diploïdes se multiplient par plusieurs mitoses répétées et augmentent leurs nombres.
  • Phase d’accroissement : Les spermatogonies  arrêtent les divisions et augmentent sensiblement leurs tailles, toujours diploïdes.

Les spermatogonies prennent alors le nom de « spermatocytes de premier ordre ou spermatocyte I ou encore auxocytes primaires.

  • Phase de maturation : Elle est marquée par la méiose. La première division produit les spermatocytes II ou oxodytes II. Puis la deuxième donne quatre cellules haploïdes appelées spermatides.
  • Phase de spermiogénèse : c’est la différenciation des spermatides en spermatozoïdes

 

BILAN : NS=X.2n.4

X : gonie et n : mitose

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