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LE CHROMOSOME

Analyse 

Expo interrogative ±  40′                          

 

Le chromosome, qu’est-ce ?                     

                           

 

 

 

 

De quoi est composé un Chromosome ?     

 

 

 

 

Quelles sont les différentes formes de chromosomes?   

 

 

Quand parle-t-on d’un  chromosome acrocentrique ?                                                                                      

Analyse 

LES CHROMOSOMES

 

  1. Définition : les  chromosomes sont des filaments nucléoprotéiques renfermant l’ADN, observables pendant la division cellulaire.

Ils portent de matériel génétique

2 . Composition d’un chromosome 

Un chromosome est composé de :

  1. Histone
  2. Chromonema
  3. Centromère
  4. Bras chromosomique ou chromatide

 

  1. Forme des chromosome

  Il existe plusieurs formes : U, V, bâtonnet, Point, anc…

En fonction  de l’emplacement des  Centromères, on distingue :

  1. Chromosomes métacentriques

Deux bras égaux avec un centromère médian.

Centromère.

  1. Chromosomes acrocentriques

Un bras court et l’autre long

  1.   Chromosomes théocentriques

 Le centromère est placé à l’extrémité ;

On a donc un seul bras.

 

d) Chromosomes ponctiformes ou punctiformes

Les deux bras sont confondus avec le centromère.

 

Le chromosome telo centrique à un seul bras alors que le chromosome punctiforme à les deux bras confondus  avec le centromère.

 

 

 

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