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Les principales sources de l’histoire de l’Afrique noire.
Matériel didactique : Craies de couleur
Objectif opérationnel : A l’issue de cette leçon l’apprenant sera capable de : citer et expliquer les principales sources de A l'issue de cette leçon, l'enfant sera capable de citer et expliquer les sources de l'histoire de l’Afrique noire

Rappel

Citez les sources de l’histoire en général ?

Rappel

Les sources de l’histoire sont: la tradition orale, les documents écrits et les documents muets.

Motivation

Par quels moyens pouvons-nous recourir pour connaître l’histoire de l’Afrique noire ?

Motivation

Pour connaître l'histoire de l'Afrique noire, nous pouvons recourir aux sources.

Annonce du sujet

Qu'allons-nous étudier aujourd'hui ?

Annonce du sujet

Aujourd'hui, nous allons étudier les principales sources de l’histoire de l’Afrique noire.

Analyse

Dans quelle partie on a trouvé ces documents ?

Pourquoi le T.O est importante ?

Qui ont écrit en Afrique ?

Qui ont écrit à l’extérieur ?

Analyse

A.1. Les documents muets : ce sont les vestiges matériels préhistoriques en Afrique centrale, orientale, australe, en Ethiopie, dans la Vallée du Nil, en Afrique du Sud, au Sahara, en Afrique du nord.

Ex. : les dessins, les peintures ou gravures …. découverts à TASSILI, à Hoggar et au Tibessi par Henri Lothe ; et les nombreux outils préhistoriques mis à jour par l’anglais Lewis Leakey.

NB : dans la région équatoriale, la conservation (et la décomposition chimique et humidité ont rendu difficile).

A.2. La Tradition Orale : est très importante car les civilisations africaines au Sahara et au Sud du désert étaient orales.

A.3. Les Documents Ecrits

  • Documents d'origine africaine : hiéroglyphe, les documents éthiopiens en guerre, les D arabes en Afrique de l’Ouest ; les manuscrits d’origine nègre (vaï au Libéria & Sierra Leone, le bamiran au Cameroun, le Nsibidi au Niger).
  • Documents d'origine extérieure : les sources gréco-latines (Hérodote) récits et témoignages des commerces et navigateurs portugais (les D. officiels à partir de la traite, les relations, les ouvrages des naturalistes linguistiques.

Quelles sont les principales sources de l'histoire de l'Afrique noire ?

Les principales sources de l'histoire de l'Afrique noire sont: les documents écrits, la tradition orale et les documents muets.

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