Sign in
Login

Chers finalistes, préparez-vous pour le grand jour avec nos contenus !

Des items de toutes les options taillés sur mesure pour que vous prépariez mieux vos épreuves

Start learning
Les principales sources de l’histoire de l’Afrique noire.
Matériel didactique : Craies de couleur
Objectif opérationnel : A l’issue de cette leçon l’apprenant sera capable de : citer et expliquer les principales sources de A l'issue de cette leçon, l'enfant sera capable de citer et expliquer les sources de l'histoire de l’Afrique noire

Rappel

Citez les sources de l’histoire en général ?

Rappel

Les sources de l’histoire sont: la tradition orale, les documents écrits et les documents muets.

Motivation

Par quels moyens pouvons-nous recourir pour connaître l’histoire de l’Afrique noire ?

Motivation

Pour connaître l'histoire de l'Afrique noire, nous pouvons recourir aux sources.

Annonce du sujet

Qu'allons-nous étudier aujourd'hui ?

Annonce du sujet

Aujourd'hui, nous allons étudier les principales sources de l’histoire de l’Afrique noire.

Analyse

Dans quelle partie on a trouvé ces documents ?

Pourquoi le T.O est importante ?

Qui ont écrit en Afrique ?

Qui ont écrit à l’extérieur ?

Analyse

A.1. Les documents muets : ce sont les vestiges matériels préhistoriques en Afrique centrale, orientale, australe, en Ethiopie, dans la Vallée du Nil, en Afrique du Sud, au Sahara, en Afrique du nord.

Ex. : les dessins, les peintures ou gravures …. découverts à TASSILI, à Hoggar et au Tibessi par Henri Lothe ; et les nombreux outils préhistoriques mis à jour par l’anglais Lewis Leakey.

NB : dans la région équatoriale, la conservation (et la décomposition chimique et humidité ont rendu difficile).

A.2. La Tradition Orale : est très importante car les civilisations africaines au Sahara et au Sud du désert étaient orales.

A.3. Les Documents Ecrits

  • Documents d'origine africaine : hiéroglyphe, les documents éthiopiens en guerre, les D arabes en Afrique de l’Ouest ; les manuscrits d’origine nègre (vaï au Libéria & Sierra Leone, le bamiran au Cameroun, le Nsibidi au Niger).
  • Documents d'origine extérieure : les sources gréco-latines (Hérodote) récits et témoignages des commerces et navigateurs portugais (les D. officiels à partir de la traite, les relations, les ouvrages des naturalistes linguistiques.

Quelles sont les principales sources de l'histoire de l'Afrique noire ?

Les principales sources de l'histoire de l'Afrique noire sont: les documents écrits, la tradition orale et les documents muets.

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews7RouteQueries36Models48GateSessionRequest
8.1.28PHP Version168msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET lessons/{id}/{slug}Route
    • Booting (49.16ms)
    • Application (119ms)
    • 1 x Application (70.66%)
      118.71ms
      1 x Booting (29.26%)
      49.16ms
      7 templates were rendered
      • public.lessons.show (resources/views/public/lessons/show.blade.php)2bladefile
        Params
        0
        lesson
        1
        lessons
      • components.banner-page (resources/views/components/banner-page.blade.php)7bladefile
        Params
        0
        property
        1
        firstTitle
        2
        secondTitle
        3
        src
        4
        attributes
        5
        slot
        6
        __laravel_slots
      • components.ad-card-lesson-long (resources/views/components/ad-card-lesson-long.blade.php)7bladefile
        Params
        0
        summary
        1
        title
        2
        actionLink
        3
        actionText
        4
        attributes
        5
        slot
        6
        __laravel_slots
      • components.button-link (resources/views/components/button-link.blade.php)6bladefile
        Params
        0
        class
        1
        title
        2
        href
        3
        attributes
        4
        slot
        5
        __laravel_slots
      • layouts.public (resources/views/layouts/public.blade.php)10bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        lesson
        4
        lessons
        5
        component
        6
        __currentLoopData
        7
        lesson_
        8
        loop
        9
        section
      • layouts.include.public.header (resources/views/layouts/include/public/header.blade.php)10bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        lesson
        4
        lessons
        5
        component
        6
        __currentLoopData
        7
        lesson_
        8
        loop
        9
        section
      • layouts.include.public.footer (resources/views/layouts/include/public/footer.blade.php)10bladefile
        Params
        0
        __env
        1
        app
        2
        errors
        3
        lesson
        4
        lessons
        5
        component
        6
        __currentLoopData
        7
        lesson_
        8
        loop
        9
        section
      uri
      GET lessons/{id}/{slug}
      middleware
      web
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Public\LessonController@show
      as
      public.lesson.show
      namespace
      prefix
      /lessons
      where
      file
      app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:86-138
      36 statements were executed62.99ms
      schoolap
      • select * from `oldt_posts` where (`id` = '3849' and `slug` = 'les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-lafrique-noire') and exists (select * from `oldt_material_sheets` where `oldt_posts`.`material_sheet_id` = `oldt_material_sheets`.`id`) limit 1
        2.57ms/app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:92schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3849
        • 1. les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-lafrique-noire
        Backtrace
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:92
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `lessons` where `lessons`.`id` = '3849' and `lessons`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        650μs/app/Repositories/LessonRepository.php:41schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3849
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Repositories/LessonRepository.php:41
        • 20. /app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:95
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
      • select * from `lessons` where `lessons`.`deleted_at` is null order by RAND() limit 4
        35.3ms/app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:96schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:96
        • 15. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • update `lessons` set `count_view` = `count_view` + 1, `lessons`.`updated_at` = '2025-05-14 10:14:19' where `id` = 3849 and `lessons`.`deleted_at` is null
        4.33ms/app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:98schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2025-05-14 10:14:19
        • 1. 3849
        Backtrace
        • 16. /app/Http/Controllers/Public/LessonController.php:98
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Controller.php:54
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:43
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:260
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:205
      • select * from `chapters` where `chapters`.`id` = 712 and `chapters`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        800μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 712
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `course_classes` where `course_classes`.`id` = 364 and `course_classes`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        700μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 364
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `classes` where `classes`.`id` in (49) and `classes`.`deleted_at` is null
        580μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 25. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `cycle_levels` where `cycle_levels`.`id` in (72)
        420μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 30. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 32. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 33. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 34. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 35. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `cycles` where `cycles`.`id` in (11)
        380μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 35. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 37. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 38. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 39. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 40. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `levels` where `levels`.`id` in (30)
        470μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 35. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 37. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 38. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 39. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 40. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `courses` where `courses`.`id` in (24) and `courses`.`deleted_at` is null
        640μsview::public.lessons.show:10schoolap
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 25. view::public.lessons.show:10
        • 27. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 28. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 29. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 30. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_sections` where `lesson_sections`.`lesson_id` = 3849 and `lesson_sections`.`lesson_id` is not null
        840μsview::public.lessons.show:116schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 3849
        Backtrace
        • 19. view::public.lessons.show:116
        • 21. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41819 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        720μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41819
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41602 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        910μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41602
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41820 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        710μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41820
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41603 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        810μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41603
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41821 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        700μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41821
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41604 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        590μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41604
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41822 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        740μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41822
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41605 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        570μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41605
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41823 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        540μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41823
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41606 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        690μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41606
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41824 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        620μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41824
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41607 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        640μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41607
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41825 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        830μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41825
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41608 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        660μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41608
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41826 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        590μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41826
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41609 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        540μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41609
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41827 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        550μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41827
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41610 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        490μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41610
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41828 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        820μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41828
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41611 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        440μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41611
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41829 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        480μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41829
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41612 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        630μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41612
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `lesson_contents` where `lesson_contents`.`id` = 41830 and `lesson_contents`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        540μsview::public.lessons.show:117schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41830
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:117
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      • select * from `content_texts` where `content_texts`.`id` = 41613 and `content_texts`.`deleted_at` is null limit 1
        500μsview::public.lessons.show:133schoolap
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 41613
        Backtrace
        • 20. view::public.lessons.show:133
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Filesystem/Filesystem.php:110
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/PhpEngine.php:58
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:70
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:195
      App\Models\ContentText
      12
      App\Models\Lesson\LessonContent
      12
      App\Models\Lesson\LessonSection
      12
      App\Models\Course\Course
      1
      App\Models\Level
      1
      App\Models\Cycle
      1
      App\Models\CycleLevel
      1
      App\Models\Classe
      1
      App\Models\Course\CourseClass
      1
      App\Models\Chapter
      1
      App\Models\Lesson\Lesson
      5
        _token
        JB627jZU2bbYSv7mU8ku0QCJqvw7G0u0SIv63ly4
        applocale
        en
        _previous
        array:1 [ "url" => "https://s8.schoolap.com/lessons/3849/les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-l...
        _flash
        array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
        PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
        []
        path_info
        /lessons/3849/les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-lafrique-noire
        status_code
        200
        status_text
        OK
        format
        html
        content_type
        text/html; charset=UTF-8
        request_query
        []
        request_request
        []
        request_headers
          0 of 0   
        array:17 [▼
  "accept-encoding" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-dest" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "document"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-user" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?1"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-mode" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "navigate"
  ]
  "sec-fetch-site" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "none"
  ]
  "accept" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  ]
  "user-agent" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  ]
  "upgrade-insecure-requests" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "1"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-platform" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Windows""
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua-mobile" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "?0"
  ]
  "sec-ch-ua" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "pragma" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
  "connection" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "keep-alive"
  ]
  "host" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "s8.schoolap.com"
  ]
  "content-length" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => ""
  ]
]
        request_server
          0 of 0   
        array:41 [▼
  "USER" => "www-data"
  "HOME" => "/var/www"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING" => "gzip, deflate, br, zstd"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_DEST" => "document"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_USER" => "?1"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_MODE" => "navigate"
  "HTTP_SEC_FETCH_SITE" => "none"
  "HTTP_ACCEPT" => "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.7"
  "HTTP_USER_AGENT" => "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)"
  "HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS" => "1"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_PLATFORM" => ""Windows""
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA_MOBILE" => "?0"
  "HTTP_SEC_CH_UA" => ""Chromium";v="130", "HeadlessChrome";v="130", "Not?A_Brand";v="99""
  "HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_PRAGMA" => "no-cache"
  "HTTP_CONNECTION" => "keep-alive"
  "HTTP_HOST" => "s8.schoolap.com"
  "REDIRECT_STATUS" => "200"
  "SERVER_NAME" => "s8.schoolap.com"
  "SERVER_PORT" => "443"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "188.166.147.66"
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "32375"
  "REMOTE_ADDR" => "3.21.41.132"
  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "nginx/1.18.0"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "HTTPS" => "on"
  "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "https"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.1"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/var/www/s8.schoolap.com/public"
  "DOCUMENT_URI" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_URI" => "/lessons/3849/les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-lafrique-noire"
  "SCRIPT_NAME" => "/index.php"
  "CONTENT_LENGTH" => ""
  "CONTENT_TYPE" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/var/www/s8.schoolap.com/public/index.php"
  "FCGI_ROLE" => "RESPONDER"
  "PHP_SELF" => "/index.php"
  "REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" => 1747217659.8698
  "REQUEST_TIME" => 1747217659
]
        request_cookies
        []
        response_headers
          0 of 0   
        array:5 [▼
  "content-type" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "text/html; charset=UTF-8"
  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache, private"
  ]
  "date" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "Wed, 14 May 2025 10:14:19 GMT"
  ]
  "set-cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "lang_schoolap=eyJpdiI6Ii83Yzlacjk0RXFKTGg4M2tiNzQ3bWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWlhqS2RLZFFSS1ZXdUN0eDV1N2RIQUFmdjNjeVFnMEhWNHVuMDZSblgxK3JnRWdCREtza25sRldQeHJyRlZHaiIsIm1hYyI6IjdmYzI4NTJmNTljMGU4ZWNmMmFlMGI1OWYzM2YyNDExMmUzMTljMzdhODU0OTRjNTI3ZjgzMGNiY2E0NmFjMjEiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; expires=Wed, 21 May 2025 08:54:20 GMT; Max-Age=600000; path=/; httponly; samesite=lax ◀lang_schoolap=eyJpdiI6Ii83Yzlacjk0RXFKTGg4M2tiNzQ3bWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWlhqS2RLZFFSS1ZXdUN0eDV1N2RIQUFmdjNjeVFnMEhWNHVuMDZSblgxK3JnRWdCREtza25sRldQeHJyRlZHaiIsIm ▶"
    1 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims0QUNCcWNwRGlyWU1vUzluc3NKRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMmg4WkVuKy90bGVxWHhPWmVEVXl6MzFLcm5XQ09PNjIwOFoxK1p2Y1lxY20rUnJSMWdqR0RQcmdncUIvTmJkZTJuWDEvb0lmTlNEd0tKSXlSZ1ZuVk9OZUx6NFNzVkJTejVDY1pBSlNnUyt0WGU0dllGRnYwSExBNU1UTytadU4iLCJtYWMiOiJkMmNhYTFhNjY2Mzk3Yjg1ZWE2MWQ1MzNiZWZjOWU4NjIyMDNkYTRhYmY1NTEwM2U0YzVkYjk0YTBhZTFlMWZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 14 May 2025 12:14:20 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; samesite=lax ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims0QUNCcWNwRGlyWU1vUzluc3NKRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMmg4WkVuKy90bGVxWHhPWmVEVXl6MzFLcm5XQ09PNjIwOFoxK1p2Y1lxY20rUnJSMWdqR0RQcmdncUIvTmJkZTJuWDEvb ▶"
    2 => "schoolap_session=eyJpdiI6IkdwR0RnTTdzN3UxK2dHbFBMVC80cFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVBDdVRLZnI3cXdxV0hxSzVJS1lTdGVTT2VkWUFRSU9oMHlzVTlIQWtOaWtXbXZJUVJzUSsvdy90QTJpNkdUVkhJUmpqWnhRMlcxNGFTM0pUajVEclk1R1d0RXhFY3Q4Qnc1VFNFN3RIZDFMdFErRVY1bkNIdER2ZmRFSTF4NFkiLCJtYWMiOiI4MDg0ZGM4Y2E4YmIwODgyOGNhNGZiNDdlZTkwN2ZmMDMwNjM2MDIzNTBkYmRhNGViN2IzMDM1MjRkYmM0NDk4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 14 May 2025 12:14:20 GMT; Max-Age=7200; path=/; httponly; samesite=lax ◀schoolap_session=eyJpdiI6IkdwR0RnTTdzN3UxK2dHbFBMVC80cFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVBDdVRLZnI3cXdxV0hxSzVJS1lTdGVTT2VkWUFRSU9oMHlzVTlIQWtOaWtXbXZJUVJzUSsvdy90QTJpNkdUVkh ▶"
  ]
  "Set-Cookie" => array:3 [▶
    0 => "lang_schoolap=eyJpdiI6Ii83Yzlacjk0RXFKTGg4M2tiNzQ3bWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWlhqS2RLZFFSS1ZXdUN0eDV1N2RIQUFmdjNjeVFnMEhWNHVuMDZSblgxK3JnRWdCREtza25sRldQeHJyRlZHaiIsIm1hYyI6IjdmYzI4NTJmNTljMGU4ZWNmMmFlMGI1OWYzM2YyNDExMmUzMTljMzdhODU0OTRjNTI3ZjgzMGNiY2E0NmFjMjEiLCJ0YWciOiIifQ%3D%3D; expires=Wed, 21-May-2025 08:54:20 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀lang_schoolap=eyJpdiI6Ii83Yzlacjk0RXFKTGg4M2tiNzQ3bWc9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiWlhqS2RLZFFSS1ZXdUN0eDV1N2RIQUFmdjNjeVFnMEhWNHVuMDZSblgxK3JnRWdCREtza25sRldQeHJyRlZHaiIsIm ▶"
    1 => "XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims0QUNCcWNwRGlyWU1vUzluc3NKRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMmg4WkVuKy90bGVxWHhPWmVEVXl6MzFLcm5XQ09PNjIwOFoxK1p2Y1lxY20rUnJSMWdqR0RQcmdncUIvTmJkZTJuWDEvb0lmTlNEd0tKSXlSZ1ZuVk9OZUx6NFNzVkJTejVDY1pBSlNnUyt0WGU0dllGRnYwSExBNU1UTytadU4iLCJtYWMiOiJkMmNhYTFhNjY2Mzk3Yjg1ZWE2MWQ1MzNiZWZjOWU4NjIyMDNkYTRhYmY1NTEwM2U0YzVkYjk0YTBhZTFlMWZjIiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 14-May-2025 12:14:20 GMT; path=/ ◀XSRF-TOKEN=eyJpdiI6Ims0QUNCcWNwRGlyWU1vUzluc3NKRkE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiMmg4WkVuKy90bGVxWHhPWmVEVXl6MzFLcm5XQ09PNjIwOFoxK1p2Y1lxY20rUnJSMWdqR0RQcmdncUIvTmJkZTJuWDEvb ▶"
    2 => "schoolap_session=eyJpdiI6IkdwR0RnTTdzN3UxK2dHbFBMVC80cFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVBDdVRLZnI3cXdxV0hxSzVJS1lTdGVTT2VkWUFRSU9oMHlzVTlIQWtOaWtXbXZJUVJzUSsvdy90QTJpNkdUVkhJUmpqWnhRMlcxNGFTM0pUajVEclk1R1d0RXhFY3Q4Qnc1VFNFN3RIZDFMdFErRVY1bkNIdER2ZmRFSTF4NFkiLCJtYWMiOiI4MDg0ZGM4Y2E4YmIwODgyOGNhNGZiNDdlZTkwN2ZmMDMwNjM2MDIzNTBkYmRhNGViN2IzMDM1MjRkYmM0NDk4IiwidGFnIjoiIn0%3D; expires=Wed, 14-May-2025 12:14:20 GMT; path=/; httponly ◀schoolap_session=eyJpdiI6IkdwR0RnTTdzN3UxK2dHbFBMVC80cFE9PSIsInZhbHVlIjoiYVBDdVRLZnI3cXdxV0hxSzVJS1lTdGVTT2VkWUFRSU9oMHlzVTlIQWtOaWtXbXZJUVJzUSsvdy90QTJpNkdUVkh ▶"
  ]
]
        session_attributes
          0 of 0   
        array:5 [▼
  "_token" => "JB627jZU2bbYSv7mU8ku0QCJqvw7G0u0SIv63ly4"
  "applocale" => "en"
  "_previous" => array:1 [▶
    "url" => "https://s8.schoolap.com/lessons/3849/les-principales-sources-de-lhistoire-de-lafrique-noire"
  ]
  "_flash" => array:2 [▶
    "old" => []
    "new" => []
  ]
  "PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA" => []
]