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ELEMENTS ET LECTURE DE LA CARTE
Matériel didactique : Tableau noir,craies et illustrations
Objectif opérationnel : Au terme de cette leçon, l'élève devra être capable d'utiliser et lire la carte d'une région, d'un pays,..

Rappel

 Citez les 5 éléments qui composent le globe terrestre. A quoi sert l'équateur? Lesquels?

Rappel

Les 5 éléments qui composent le globe terrestre sont :

  • L'Equateur
  • L'hémisphère
  • Les pôles
  • Les parallèles
  • Les méridiens

L'équateur sert à diviser le globe en deux parties égales. Ces deux parties sont : 

  •  L'hémisphère Nord
  • L'hémisphère Sud

Motivation

 Qu'est-ce qu'on utilise pour mieux étudier une région, un pays?

Motivation

 Pour bien étudier une région, un pays, on utilise la carte.

Annonce du sujet

Quelle est la leçon du jour ?

Annonce du Sujet

 Aujourd'hui nous allons étudier la lecture de la carte.

Comment pouvons- nous lire une carte? Qu'est-ce que l'échelle?  Quels sont les types d'échelle? Différenciez l'échelle linéaire de l'échelle numérique.

La carte est l'outil le plus important d'un géographe.Elle doit être  lue,c'est à dire interprétée pour son utilisation.

 Pour lire une carte, nous suivons les indications suivantes :

  • Le titre,
  • L'échelle
  • Les symboles
  • La légende
  • L'orientation
  • Les Coordonnées géographiques

a) L'échelle 

1. Définition

L'échelle est le rapport entre une longueur(distance) mesurée sur la carte (DC) et cette même longueur(distance) mesurée sur le terrain (DR)

Formules

 

   DC= E X DR

2. Types d'échelle

  •  L'échelle numérique

C'est celle qui a la forme d'une fraction.

Exemple 1 : 1/100 ( lire ,un millième) c'est-à dire 1 cm sur la carte représente 1000 cm ou 10 m  sur le terrain.

Exemple 2 : 1/100 est une grande échelle.

                    1/1.000.000 est une petite échelle.

  • L'échelle graphique ou linéaire

Elle a la forme d'un segment de droite gradué en mètre ou en km.

1 Cm vaut 10 Km ,4 Cm vallent 40 Km.

Qu'entendez-vous de la légende?Qu'entendez-vous par l'orientation?Au cas où il n'y a pas d'orientation, que faut - il faire? Que comprenez-vous par les coordonnées géographiques?

b) La légende

Elle est l'explication des signes et couleurs conventionnels qui accompagnent une carte géographique.

c) L'Orientation

C'est le signe conventionnel qui indique le Nord de la carte. Mais si la carte ne porte aucune orientation par la même convention, le haut de la carte représente le Nord.

d) Les coordonnées géographiques 

Ce sont des repères qui nous aident à situer avec exactitude un point sur le globe.

N.B : Tout point sur le globe se trouve à la fois sur un parallèle et sur un méridien qui sont les coordonnées géographiques.

Quelles sont les indications servant à la lecture d'une carte?

Les indications servant à la lecture d'une carte sont le titre, l'échelle, la légende, l'orientation et les coordonnées géographiques.

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews7RouteQueries40Models54GateSessionRequest
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