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L’histoire de l’écriture (suite)

7ème Education de base - Histoire

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L’histoire de l’écriture (suite)

Domaine	Univers social et environnement	Sous domaine	Univers Social et Environnement
Section	Cycle d'Orientation (C.O)	Option	Education de base
Discipline	Histoire	Classe	7ème
Matériel didactique	T.N, craies et illustrations	Auteur	SCHOOLAP.COM
Objectif opérationnel	A la fin de la leçon, les élèves devront être capables de connaitre l’évolution de différentes sortes d’écritures
Réference	Genet ; des origines au Xème siècle pp 99-129
Activité initiale
Rappel Qui a inventé l'écriture ?		Rappel L’écriture a été inventée à Sumer
Motivation A quoi servait l'écriture au début de son invention ?		Motivation Elle servait d'abord au roi et à l'administration. L'écriture sert à inventorier les biens royaux ou à tenir le registre des impôts, à édicter des codes de lois, tel le code d'Hammurabi, roi de Babylone, dont le texte est gravé sur un bloc de basalte vers 1750 av. J.-C.
Annonce du sujet Quelle est notre leçon du jour ?		Annonce du sujet Nous allons étudier Comment écrire
Activité principale
Comment écrire ?		Au commencement, écrire revient à dessiner. Pour représenter un objet (un bœuf, un oiseau, une maison), on le dessine grossièrement : ce sont des pictogrammes. Pour représenter une idée (grand, petit ; mâle, femelle), on la symbolise : ce sont des idéogrammes. Progressivement, l'écriture se simplifie, devient moins graphique et représente des sons : ce sont des phonogrammes, qui permettent de traduire par écrit le langage oral. • À partir de 3 000 av. J.-C., à Sumer, en Mésopotamie, les pictogrammes laissent placent à une écriture simplifiée, en forme de coins, le cunéiforme (du latin « cuneus », le coin). Le cunéiforme est tracé, à l'aide d'un roseau taillée en pointe, le calame, sur des tablettes d'argile, qui sont ensuite séchées au soleil ou cuites. Adapté ensuite à d'autres langues, le cunéiforme se répand dans tout le Moyen-Orient. Vers 3 200 av. J.-C. en Égypte sont créés les premiers hiéroglyphes (« écriture sacrée » en grec) : ce sont des pictogrammes, mais ils peuvent également être lus comme des sons (phonogrammes). Une écriture simplifiée, le hiératique, est utilisée pour la vie quotidienne. Les hiéroglyphes sont surtout gravés et/ou peints sur les murs des temples, le hiératique est plutôt utilisé sur du papyrus, une fibre végétale écrasée en feuille (qui donné en français le mot « papier »).
Synthèse
Qui est Champollion ?		Un savant français qui a déchiffré les textes de savants égyptiens en 1822.

Messages Timeline Exceptions Views7 Route Queries14 Models18 Gate Session Request

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