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LES LOIS DE MENDEL ET MONOHYBRIDISME
Domaine Science Sous domaine Science de la Vie et de la Terre
Section Scientifique Option Math-Physique
Discipline Biologie Classe 6ème
Matériel didactique Craies de couleur Auteur SCHOOLAP.COM
Objectif opérationnel A la fin de la leçon, l'élève sera capable de définir les lois Mendel et le Monohybridisme.
Réference A. Kaleb "Biologie 6è année" éd. 2015
Activité initiale

Rappel

Qu’est-ce qu’un gène récessif ?

 

Rappel

Un gène est dit récessif  quand l’effet apparent est masqué.

Motivation

De quoi s’agit-il s’il y a transmission d’un seul caractère ?

Motivation

On parle de Mono hybridisme quand il y a transmission d’un seul caractère.

Annonce du sujet 

Qu'allons-nous étudier aujourd'hui ?

Annonce du sujet 

Aujourd’hui, nous allons étudier : Les lois de Mendel et Mono hybridisme.

Activité principale

Analyse

Les lois émises par Mendel sont combien ?

Que stipule la 1ère  loi de Mendel ?

A quoi consiste la 2è loi de Mendel ?

Quelles sont les proportions de MAD à la F2 ?

Quelles sont les proportions à la F2 de mono hybridisme sans dominance ?

 

Analyse

  1. LES LOIS DE MENDEL

Mendel avait, de par ses expériences, émis trois lois, qui sont :

  • 1ère  Loi : loi d’uniformité des hybrides

Quand on croise deux races qui ne diffèrent entre elles que par un seul caractère, les hybrides de la F1 sont tous semblables entre eux.

  • 2è Loi : loi de ségrégation de gamètes

En seconde génération F2, les individus issus des hybrides de la F1 croisés entre eux, il y a disjonction des caractères parentaux et apparition de 50% d’individus semblables aux hybrides de la F1.

  • 3è Loi : loi de libre recombinaison
  1. MONOHYBRIDISME
    1. Définition : c’est l’état résultant d’un croisement dont les deux parents diffèrent par un seul caractère.
    2. Types de Mono hybridisme 
  2. Mono hybridisme avec dominance (MAD)

Croisement entre deux individus en considérant un seul caractère dont l’un apparait à la première génération.

A la F2, les proportions de MAD sont :

Synthèse

Quand parle-t-on de mono hybridisme sans dominance ?

On parle de mono hybridisme sans dominance quand les deux individus sont Co dominants et il y a alors un caractère intermédiaire.

 

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